WORK MEASUREMENT
WORK MEASUREMENT IS THE APPLICATION OF A SET OF TECHNIQUES INTENDED TO ESTABLISH THE QUANTUM OF WORK TO BE DONE BY AN OPERATOR IN A GIVEN TIME OF A SPECIFIED TASK, UNDER SPECIFIED CONDITIONS AND AT THE DEFINED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT:QTY. PER HOUR OR PER SHIFT
INDIRECT MEASUREMENT:TIME PER PIECE (STANDARD TIME)
TIME TO COMPLETE A TASK DEPENDS ON -
WORK INVOLVED (SPECIFIED TASK)
CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE WORK IS PERFORMED (SPECIFIED CONDITIONS)
PROFICIENCY OF THE PERSON PERFORMING THE TASK (QUALIFIED WORKER)
PACE AT WHICH WORK IS PERFORMED (SPECIFIED PLACE OF PERFORMANCE
PACE OF PERFORMANCE IN WORK MEASUREMENT
AVERAGE SPEED / NORMAL SPEED TIME TAKEN BY THE OPERATOR IS INCREASED (IF IS FAST) OR REDUCED (IF IS SLOW) TO MAKE IT APPLICABLE FOR NORMAL SPEED.
USES OF WORK MEASUREMENT DATA
MANNING
PLANNING
ESTIMATING
COST REDUCING & COST CONTROL
IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS
RATIONAL BASIS FOR FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
COMPARING ALTERNATIVE METHODS
DEVELOPMENT OF STD. DATA
MEASURING EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
TRAINING NEW EMPLOYEES
CHECKING AN EMPLOYEE’S PROGRESS
TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT
PMTS (PRE-DETERMINED MOTION & TIME STUDY)
TIME STUDY
PRODUCTION STUDY
WORK SAMPLING
ANALYTICAL ESTIMATING
SYNTHETIC DATA
BWD (BASIC WORK DATA)
UMS (UNIVERSAL MAINTENANCE STANDARD)
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATING
TIME STUDY PROCEDURE
SELECT THE TASK TO BE TIMED
STANDARDISE THE METHOD
SELECT THE OPERATOR
RECORD DETAILS
BREAK THE TASK INTO ELEMENTS
MEASURE THE DURATION OF EACH ELEMENT AND ASSESS THE OPERATOR’S PACE OF PERFORMANCE.
DETERMINE REPRESENTATIVE TIME OF EACH ELEMENT
EXTEND OBSERVED TIME INTO NORMAL TIME
ASSESS RELAXATION ALLOWANCE OF EACH ELEMENT
CALCULATE WORK CONTENT (WC) OF EACH ELEMENT
WC = NORMAL TIME + RA
= NT (100 + RA)
ASSESS OTHER ALLOWANCES
: CONTINGENCY
: INTERFERENCE
: POLICY
CALCULATE STANDARD TIME OF THE JOB
WHAT IS WORK SAMPLING ?
ACCORDING TO B.S. GLOSSARY (BS 3138) –
“WORK SAMPLING IS A TECHNIQUE IN WHICH A
STATISTICALLY COMPETENT NUMBER OF INSTANTANEOUS
OBSERVATIONS ARE TAKEN, OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, OF A
GROUP OF MACHINES, PROCESSES OR WORKERS. EACH
OBSERVATION RECORDS WHAT IS SEEN TO HAPPEN AND
THE PERCENTAGE OF OBSERVATIONS RECORDED FOR A
PARTICULAR ACTIVITY OR DELAY IS A MEASURE OF THE
PERCENTAGE OF TIME ABSORBED BY THE OCCURRENCE
1 DECIDE ON OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
(a) SET PERFORMANCE STANDARD
(b) FIND % TIME LOST AND REASONS THEREOF.
(c) ESTIMATE CONTINGENCY AND INTERFERENCE ALLOWANCES
2. EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT TO CONCERNED PERSONS
3. DEFINE WORK AND DELAY ELEMENTS
4. DECIDE ON THE DURATION OF THE STUDY
5. DECIDE ON DESIRED ACCURACY (A) AND CONFIDENCE LEVEL
6. ESTIMATE PERCENTAGE OCCURRENCE OF THE ACTIVITY/DELAY TO BE MEASURED.
7. DESIGN THE STUDY
DETERMINE NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS
N = 4 (1-p)
A2 p
CALCULATE TOTAL NUMBER OF ROUNDS (R)
CALCULATE NUMBER OF ROUNDS PER DAY / PER SHIFT
CALCULATE AVERAGE TIME BETWEEN ROUNDS (⍑)
FIX UP TIME REQUIRED TO MAKE A ROUND (Tr)
COMPARE ⍑ WITH Tr
PREPARE SCHEDULE FOR THE ROUNDS
DESIGN OBSERVATION DATA SHEET
MAKE OBSERVATIONS ACCORDING TO THE PLAN
ANALYSE AND SUMMARISE THE DATA OF THE STUDY
CHECK ACCURACY OF THE STUDY
PREPARE REPORT WITH CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS.
USES OF WORK SAMPLING% UTILISATION OF WORKSHOP / MACHINES
REQUIREMENT OF INDIRECT EMPLOYEES SUCH AS CASUALS / CLERKS / FITTERS
DETERMINATION OF CONTINGENCY AND INTERFERENCE ALLOWANCES
LOSS OF TIME AND REASONS THEREOF
100
DIRECT MEASUREMENT:QTY. PER HOUR OR PER SHIFT
INDIRECT MEASUREMENT:TIME PER PIECE (STANDARD TIME)
TIME TO COMPLETE A TASK DEPENDS ON -
WORK INVOLVED (SPECIFIED TASK)
CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE WORK IS PERFORMED (SPECIFIED CONDITIONS)
PROFICIENCY OF THE PERSON PERFORMING THE TASK (QUALIFIED WORKER)
PACE AT WHICH WORK IS PERFORMED (SPECIFIED PLACE OF PERFORMANCE
PACE OF PERFORMANCE IN WORK MEASUREMENT
AVERAGE SPEED / NORMAL SPEED TIME TAKEN BY THE OPERATOR IS INCREASED (IF IS FAST) OR REDUCED (IF IS SLOW) TO MAKE IT APPLICABLE FOR NORMAL SPEED.
USES OF WORK MEASUREMENT DATA
MANNING
PLANNING
ESTIMATING
COST REDUCING & COST CONTROL
IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS
RATIONAL BASIS FOR FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
COMPARING ALTERNATIVE METHODS
DEVELOPMENT OF STD. DATA
MEASURING EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
TRAINING NEW EMPLOYEES
CHECKING AN EMPLOYEE’S PROGRESS
TECHNIQUES OF WORK MEASUREMENT
PMTS (PRE-DETERMINED MOTION & TIME STUDY)
TIME STUDY
PRODUCTION STUDY
WORK SAMPLING
ANALYTICAL ESTIMATING
SYNTHETIC DATA
BWD (BASIC WORK DATA)
UMS (UNIVERSAL MAINTENANCE STANDARD)
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATING
TIME STUDY PROCEDURE
SELECT THE TASK TO BE TIMED
STANDARDISE THE METHOD
SELECT THE OPERATOR
RECORD DETAILS
BREAK THE TASK INTO ELEMENTS
MEASURE THE DURATION OF EACH ELEMENT AND ASSESS THE OPERATOR’S PACE OF PERFORMANCE.
DETERMINE REPRESENTATIVE TIME OF EACH ELEMENT
EXTEND OBSERVED TIME INTO NORMAL TIME
ASSESS RELAXATION ALLOWANCE OF EACH ELEMENT
CALCULATE WORK CONTENT (WC) OF EACH ELEMENT
WC = NORMAL TIME + RA
= NT (100 + RA)
ASSESS OTHER ALLOWANCES
: CONTINGENCY
: INTERFERENCE
: POLICY
CALCULATE STANDARD TIME OF THE JOB
WHAT IS WORK SAMPLING ?
ACCORDING TO B.S. GLOSSARY (BS 3138) –
“WORK SAMPLING IS A TECHNIQUE IN WHICH A
STATISTICALLY COMPETENT NUMBER OF INSTANTANEOUS
OBSERVATIONS ARE TAKEN, OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, OF A
GROUP OF MACHINES, PROCESSES OR WORKERS. EACH
OBSERVATION RECORDS WHAT IS SEEN TO HAPPEN AND
THE PERCENTAGE OF OBSERVATIONS RECORDED FOR A
PARTICULAR ACTIVITY OR DELAY IS A MEASURE OF THE
PERCENTAGE OF TIME ABSORBED BY THE OCCURRENCE
1 DECIDE ON OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
(a) SET PERFORMANCE STANDARD
(b) FIND % TIME LOST AND REASONS THEREOF.
(c) ESTIMATE CONTINGENCY AND INTERFERENCE ALLOWANCES
2. EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT TO CONCERNED PERSONS
3. DEFINE WORK AND DELAY ELEMENTS
4. DECIDE ON THE DURATION OF THE STUDY
5. DECIDE ON DESIRED ACCURACY (A) AND CONFIDENCE LEVEL
6. ESTIMATE PERCENTAGE OCCURRENCE OF THE ACTIVITY/DELAY TO BE MEASURED.
7. DESIGN THE STUDY
DETERMINE NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS
N = 4 (1-p)
A2 p
CALCULATE TOTAL NUMBER OF ROUNDS (R)
CALCULATE NUMBER OF ROUNDS PER DAY / PER SHIFT
CALCULATE AVERAGE TIME BETWEEN ROUNDS (⍑)
FIX UP TIME REQUIRED TO MAKE A ROUND (Tr)
COMPARE ⍑ WITH Tr
PREPARE SCHEDULE FOR THE ROUNDS
DESIGN OBSERVATION DATA SHEET
MAKE OBSERVATIONS ACCORDING TO THE PLAN
ANALYSE AND SUMMARISE THE DATA OF THE STUDY
CHECK ACCURACY OF THE STUDY
PREPARE REPORT WITH CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS.
USES OF WORK SAMPLING% UTILISATION OF WORKSHOP / MACHINES
REQUIREMENT OF INDIRECT EMPLOYEES SUCH AS CASUALS / CLERKS / FITTERS
DETERMINATION OF CONTINGENCY AND INTERFERENCE ALLOWANCES
LOSS OF TIME AND REASONS THEREOF
100
