METHOD STUDY
WORK STUDY
Productivity increase is the key factor in raising the standard of living
Work Study indicates how resources can be effectively utilized and study would help in realizing this aim.
(a) Direct means of raising productivity
(b) It is systematic; no factor is overlooked
(c) Most accurate method and yet provide production planning and control and incentives.
(d) It is most important tool of analysis.
(e) Every one concerned with industry benefit from it such as customer, worker and management.
1 METHOD STUDY
2 WORK MEASUREMENT
METHOD STUDY;
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING JOBS TO DEVELOP EASIER AND EFFECTIVE METHODS TO ACHIEVE IMPROVED PROCESSES & PROCEDURES
BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS
HIGHER UTILISATION OF RESOURCES
ECONOMY OF HUMAN EFFORTS AND
REDUCTION IN FATIQUE
IMPROVED WORK PLACE LAYOUT
IT HELPS IN:
EVOLVE CREATIVELY AND INNOVATIVELY IMPROVMENTS IN PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES.
DETERMINE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS AND AVOID DUPLICATION.
IMPROVE LAYOUT, SMOOTHEN MATERIALS FLOW, REDUCE BACK TRACKING AND AVOID OBSTACLES.
REDUCE UNOCCUPIED TIME OF THE OPERATOR THEREBY OBTAIN EFFECTIVE USE OF HUMAN EFFORT.
IMPROVE UTILISATION OF THE EQUIPMENT AND THEREBY REDUCE CYCLE TIME PER PIECE.
SELECT MATERIALS OF RIGHT SPECIFICATIONS, CUT DOWN PROCESS WASTE, REDUCE DEFECTIVES AND THEREBY REDUCE RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION PER UNIT OF PRODUCTION
SELECT RIGHT CUTTING TOOLS, IMPROVE TOOL LIFE AND REDUCE TOOL COST PER UNIT OF CONSUMPTION.
FIX INSPECTION STAGES TO REDUCE DEFECTIVES AND OPTIMISE QUALITY ASSURANCE COSTS.
ACHIEVE ECONOMY IN HUMAN EFFORT AND REDUCTION OF UN-NECESSARY FATIQUE.
DEVELOP A BETTER PHYSICAL WORKING ENVIRONMENT.
METHOD STUDY IS THE SYSTEMATIC SELECTION, RECORDING AND CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED METHODS OF DOING WORK, AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING AND APPLYING EASIER AND MORE EFFECTIVE METHODS AND REDUCING COSTS.
SELECT THE TASK TO BE ANALYSED An objective may be to reduce the manufacturing cost or to reduce bottleneck or to reduce fatigue incurred by the workers in order to increasing their efficiency.
RECORD FACTS RELATING TO THE EXISTING METHOD
a) Recording can be done with the help of the following aids:
§ Process Charts
§ Diagrams
§ Motion and Film Analysis and
§ Models
EXAMINE FACTS CRITICALLY BUT IMPARTIALLY
The likely questions to be asked are:
Purpose What is done?
Person - Who does it?
Place - Where it is done?
Means - How is it done?
Sequence When is it done?
DEVELOP ALTERNATIVES TO THE EXISTING METHOD The developed method should be practical, safe effective and economical.
INSTALL THE PROPOSED METHOD It involves planning, arranging and implementing. During planning and arranging, necessary arrangements of resources, equipments, tools and instruction to workers overtime etc. are made. The actual installation involves the introduction of developed method as standard practice.
MAINTAIN THE NEW METHOD We should ensure the proper functioning of the installed method by periodic checks and verifications. If there are any deviations, the reasons for deviation should be explored and corrected. Views of the workers, supervisors and other person related with the authorize method can be of immense help in exploring further improvements.
SELECTION OF THE JOB FOR IMPROVEMENT MAY BE BASED ON ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE CONSIDERATIONS :
1 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION* PLANT DEPT. SECTION, MACHINE EMPLOYING EXCESSIVE OVERTIME.
* BOTTLENECK OPERATIONS.
* OPERATIONS INVOLVING REPETITIVE WORK AND LIABLE TO RUN FOR A LONG TIME.
* SECTIONS HAVING AN UNORDERLY LARGE NO. OF MOVEMENTS OF MEN AND MATERIALS OVER LONG DISTANCE.
* OPERATIONS INVOLVING GREAT DEAL OF MANPOWER.
* OPERATIONS PRODUCING LOT OF SCRAP OR DEFECTIVE WORK.
* OPERATIONS HAVING POOR UTILISATION OF MAN AND MACHINE IN A GIVEN WORK CYCLE.
* SECTIONS / DEPARTMENTS FROM WHICH TOO MANY SUGGESTIONS ARE RECEIVED FOR IMPROVEMENTS.
2 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
OPERATIONS PRODUCING LOT OF SCRAP / DEFECTIVES.
* FREQUENT COMPLAINTS FROM WORKMEN OF NOT BEING ABLE TO ACHIEVE PERFORMANCE STDS.
* JOBS HAVING INCONSISTENT QUALITY.
* OPERATIONS INVITING FREQUENT REQUESTS FROM SUPERVISORS FOR RELAVATION IN ALLOWED TIME BECAUSE OF VARIATIONS IN MATERIALS, TOOL PERFORMANCE, ETC.
* JOBS REQUIRING TOO MANY HOURS OF CHECKING / RE-CHECKING
3 HUMAN CONSIDERATION
HUMAN CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN PREFERENCE OVER OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR
* JOBS CONSIDERED DIRTY, DANGEROUS, STRENUOUS OR IN GENERAL DISLIKED BY THE WORKMEN.
* JOBS INVOLVING ACCIDENTS AND HEALTH HAZARDS.
FIND ANSWERS
ARE WE DOING THE RIGHT JOB (PURPOSE)?
IS THE RIGHT JOB BEING DONE AT THE RIGHT PLACE (PLACE)?
IS THE RIGHT JOB BEING DONE AT THE RIGHT TIME (SEQUENCE)?
IS THE RIGHT JOB BEING DONE BY THE RIGHT PERSON (PERSON)?
ARE RIGHT MEANS BEING USED TO DO THE RIGHT JOB (MEANS) ?
RIGHT MEANS → RIGHT MACHINES
→ RIGHT TOOLS
→ RIGHT JIGS & FIXTURES
→ RIGHT MATERIAL
→ RIGHT MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS & GAUGES
→ RIGHT HAND TOOLS/OTHER
AIDS
Productivity increase is the key factor in raising the standard of living
Work Study indicates how resources can be effectively utilized and study would help in realizing this aim.
(a) Direct means of raising productivity
(b) It is systematic; no factor is overlooked
(c) Most accurate method and yet provide production planning and control and incentives.
(d) It is most important tool of analysis.
(e) Every one concerned with industry benefit from it such as customer, worker and management.
1 METHOD STUDY
2 WORK MEASUREMENT
METHOD STUDY;
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EXISTING JOBS TO DEVELOP EASIER AND EFFECTIVE METHODS TO ACHIEVE IMPROVED PROCESSES & PROCEDURES
BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS
HIGHER UTILISATION OF RESOURCES
ECONOMY OF HUMAN EFFORTS AND
REDUCTION IN FATIQUE
IMPROVED WORK PLACE LAYOUT
IT HELPS IN:
EVOLVE CREATIVELY AND INNOVATIVELY IMPROVMENTS IN PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES.
DETERMINE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS AND AVOID DUPLICATION.
IMPROVE LAYOUT, SMOOTHEN MATERIALS FLOW, REDUCE BACK TRACKING AND AVOID OBSTACLES.
REDUCE UNOCCUPIED TIME OF THE OPERATOR THEREBY OBTAIN EFFECTIVE USE OF HUMAN EFFORT.
IMPROVE UTILISATION OF THE EQUIPMENT AND THEREBY REDUCE CYCLE TIME PER PIECE.
SELECT MATERIALS OF RIGHT SPECIFICATIONS, CUT DOWN PROCESS WASTE, REDUCE DEFECTIVES AND THEREBY REDUCE RAW MATERIAL CONSUMPTION PER UNIT OF PRODUCTION
SELECT RIGHT CUTTING TOOLS, IMPROVE TOOL LIFE AND REDUCE TOOL COST PER UNIT OF CONSUMPTION.
FIX INSPECTION STAGES TO REDUCE DEFECTIVES AND OPTIMISE QUALITY ASSURANCE COSTS.
ACHIEVE ECONOMY IN HUMAN EFFORT AND REDUCTION OF UN-NECESSARY FATIQUE.
DEVELOP A BETTER PHYSICAL WORKING ENVIRONMENT.
METHOD STUDY IS THE SYSTEMATIC SELECTION, RECORDING AND CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED METHODS OF DOING WORK, AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING AND APPLYING EASIER AND MORE EFFECTIVE METHODS AND REDUCING COSTS.
SELECT THE TASK TO BE ANALYSED An objective may be to reduce the manufacturing cost or to reduce bottleneck or to reduce fatigue incurred by the workers in order to increasing their efficiency.
RECORD FACTS RELATING TO THE EXISTING METHOD
a) Recording can be done with the help of the following aids:
§ Process Charts
§ Diagrams
§ Motion and Film Analysis and
§ Models
EXAMINE FACTS CRITICALLY BUT IMPARTIALLY
The likely questions to be asked are:
Purpose What is done?
Person - Who does it?
Place - Where it is done?
Means - How is it done?
Sequence When is it done?
DEVELOP ALTERNATIVES TO THE EXISTING METHOD The developed method should be practical, safe effective and economical.
INSTALL THE PROPOSED METHOD It involves planning, arranging and implementing. During planning and arranging, necessary arrangements of resources, equipments, tools and instruction to workers overtime etc. are made. The actual installation involves the introduction of developed method as standard practice.
MAINTAIN THE NEW METHOD We should ensure the proper functioning of the installed method by periodic checks and verifications. If there are any deviations, the reasons for deviation should be explored and corrected. Views of the workers, supervisors and other person related with the authorize method can be of immense help in exploring further improvements.
SELECTION OF THE JOB FOR IMPROVEMENT MAY BE BASED ON ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE CONSIDERATIONS :
1 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATION* PLANT DEPT. SECTION, MACHINE EMPLOYING EXCESSIVE OVERTIME.
* BOTTLENECK OPERATIONS.
* OPERATIONS INVOLVING REPETITIVE WORK AND LIABLE TO RUN FOR A LONG TIME.
* SECTIONS HAVING AN UNORDERLY LARGE NO. OF MOVEMENTS OF MEN AND MATERIALS OVER LONG DISTANCE.
* OPERATIONS INVOLVING GREAT DEAL OF MANPOWER.
* OPERATIONS PRODUCING LOT OF SCRAP OR DEFECTIVE WORK.
* OPERATIONS HAVING POOR UTILISATION OF MAN AND MACHINE IN A GIVEN WORK CYCLE.
* SECTIONS / DEPARTMENTS FROM WHICH TOO MANY SUGGESTIONS ARE RECEIVED FOR IMPROVEMENTS.
2 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
OPERATIONS PRODUCING LOT OF SCRAP / DEFECTIVES.
* FREQUENT COMPLAINTS FROM WORKMEN OF NOT BEING ABLE TO ACHIEVE PERFORMANCE STDS.
* JOBS HAVING INCONSISTENT QUALITY.
* OPERATIONS INVITING FREQUENT REQUESTS FROM SUPERVISORS FOR RELAVATION IN ALLOWED TIME BECAUSE OF VARIATIONS IN MATERIALS, TOOL PERFORMANCE, ETC.
* JOBS REQUIRING TOO MANY HOURS OF CHECKING / RE-CHECKING
3 HUMAN CONSIDERATION
HUMAN CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN PREFERENCE OVER OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR
* JOBS CONSIDERED DIRTY, DANGEROUS, STRENUOUS OR IN GENERAL DISLIKED BY THE WORKMEN.
* JOBS INVOLVING ACCIDENTS AND HEALTH HAZARDS.
FIND ANSWERS
ARE WE DOING THE RIGHT JOB (PURPOSE)?
IS THE RIGHT JOB BEING DONE AT THE RIGHT PLACE (PLACE)?
IS THE RIGHT JOB BEING DONE AT THE RIGHT TIME (SEQUENCE)?
IS THE RIGHT JOB BEING DONE BY THE RIGHT PERSON (PERSON)?
ARE RIGHT MEANS BEING USED TO DO THE RIGHT JOB (MEANS) ?
RIGHT MEANS → RIGHT MACHINES
→ RIGHT TOOLS
→ RIGHT JIGS & FIXTURES
→ RIGHT MATERIAL
→ RIGHT MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS & GAUGES
→ RIGHT HAND TOOLS/OTHER
AIDS
